DESAFIOS E PERSPECTIVAS DA EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE NA TRANSIÇÃO DO MODELO HOSPITALOCÊNTRICO PARA A PROMOÇÃO DA SAÚDE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/revgeov17n5-073Palavras-chave:
Educação em Saúde, Promoção da Saúde, Modelo Hospitalocêntrico, Mudança de Paradigma, Tecnologias Digitais em SaúdeResumo
Este artigo de revisão bibliográfica analisa a transição do modelo hospitalocêntrico (biomédico) para o paradigma da Promoção da Saúde, com foco no papel estratégico da Educação em Saúde nesse processo. O modelo biomédico tradicional é criticado por seu caráter reducionista, fragmentado e financeiramente insustentável, especialmente diante do crescimento das doenças crônicas. A Educação em Saúde é apresentada como ferramenta central para essa mudança, abrangendo desde abordagens tradicionais de mudança de comportamento até perspectivas emancipatórias fundamentadas em Paulo Freire. São identificadas múltiplas barreiras para a implementação efetiva: crenças intrapessoais dos profissionais, deficiências na formação acadêmica, resistência institucional, foco sistêmico no cuidado curativo e baixo letramento em saúde da comunidade. Quanto às perspectivas futuras, destacam-se a Declaração de Astana (OMS), o conceito de "Saúde em Todas as Políticas", modelos inovadores de cuidado integral como o Modelo de Dois Círculos, e a integração de tecnologias digitais (inteligência artificial, wearables, genômica, telessaúde). Conclui-se que a transição efetiva requer esforços coordenados em reforma curricular, alocação de recursos, capacitação profissional, promoção do letramento em saúde e integração ética de tecnologias digitais.
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