GEOSTATISTICAL MODELING OF SOIL FERTILITY IN FIVE AREAS WITH OCCURRENCE OF BRAZIL NUT TREES IN AMAZONAS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/revgeov17n5-043Keywords:
Geostatistics, Soil Fertility, Spatial Variability, Amazon, Bertholletia excelsaAbstract
The Brazil nut tree (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.) is a species of high ecological and socioeconomic importance, typically associated with highly weathered and nutrient-poor tropical soils. Understanding the spatial organization of soil attributes in natural stands is essential to elucidate the edaphic controls on its ecophysiological performance. This study aimed to characterize the spatial structure of soil chemical and physical attributes in five natural areas with occurrence of Brazil nut trees in the Amazonas state, using geostatistical modeling and kriging interpolation. Key soil fertility indicators were analyzed, including exchangeable aluminum (Al³⁺), potential acidity (H+Al), cation exchange capacity (CEC at pH 7), base saturation (V%), aluminum saturation (m%), soil carbon, texture, and bulk density. Spatial dependence was assessed using variograms and classified based on the spatial dependence index (SDI). A predominance of moderate spatial dependence was observed across most areas, with a higher proportion of strong dependence in Anori and weak dependence in Ceará/Manicoré, indicating distinct levels of spatial organization of soil fertility. Kriging maps revealed the presence of edaphic mosaics that control the distribution of water and nutrients at the intra-area scale. These patterns suggest that soil spatial variability directly influences resource availability, with implications for ecophysiological functioning, growth, and productivity of the species. We conclude that edaphic heterogeneity is a functional component of Amazonian ecosystems and should be explicitly considered in ecological studies and sustainable management strategies for Brazil nut stands.
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