LICENCIAS AMBIENTALES, RESPONSABILIDAD CIVIL Y REPARACIÓN DE DAÑOS AMBIENTALES: INTERFACES CON LA GESTIÓN Y LA EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/revgeov17n4-082Palabras clave:
Mitigación de Impactos Ambientales, Gestión Ambiental, Desarrollo SostenibleResumen
La licencia ambiental constituye un instrumento central de la Política Nacional de Medio Ambiente de Brasil, actuando de manera preventiva en la evaluación y mitigación de impactos derivados de las actividades humanas. En este contexto, la responsabilidad civil y los mecanismos de reparación ambiental asumen un papel complementario, especialmente ante la dificultad de la recomposición integral de determinados daños ambientales. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la licencia ambiental, la responsabilidad civil y la mitigación de impactos ambientales, destacando sus interfaces con la gestión ambiental y la educación ambiental, así como su contribución a la gobernanza ambiental y la promoción del desarrollo sostenible. La investigación se caracteriza como cualitativa, con un enfoque exploratorio y analítico, basada en revisión bibliográfica y análisis normativo de la legislación ambiental brasileña, incluyendo la Ley nº 6.938/1981, la Constitución Federal de 1988, la Ley Complementaria nº 140/2011, la Ley nº 15.190/2025 y las Resoluciones CONAMA nº 01/1986 y nº 237/1997, además de contribuciones teóricas relacionadas con el Derecho Ambiental, la gestión ambiental y la educación ambiental. Los resultados evidencian que la licencia ambiental desempeña un papel estratégico en la prevención de daños ambientales, mediante la adopción de medidas mitigadoras y compensatorias, reduciendo la necesidad de responsabilización y reparación posterior. Se concluye que la integración entre licencia ambiental, gestión ambiental y educación ambiental fortalece la gobernanza ambiental y contribuye a la implementación de políticas públicas más eficaces y alineadas con el desarrollo sostenible.
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