PROGRAMA DE SIMBIOSIS INDUSTRIAL PARA EL DISTRITO INDUSTRIAL DE SANTA CRUZ, RÍO DE JANEIRO: UNA PROPUESTA DE FLUJO SIMBIÓTICO ENTRE UNA FÁBRICA DE ACERO Y UNA INDUSTRIA DE FABRICACIÓN DE PLACAS DE YESO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/revgeov17n2-096Palabras clave:
Simbiosis Industrial, Economía Circular, Desulfuración de Gases de Combustión, Valorización de Resíduos, Yeso FGDResumen
El presente estudio propone la implementación de un Programa de Simbiosis Industrial (SI) en el Distrito Industrial de Santa Cruz (RJ), con énfasis en la articulación entre una planta siderúrgica y una unidad de fabricación de paneles de yeso. El marco metodológico se fundamentó en el modelo de la Dinamarca Simbiosis Industrial de Kalundborg y en los conocimientos adquiridos a través del Programa SACI (Systemic Approach to Clean Industry), desarrollado en colaboración con el Instituto de Simbiosis de Kalundborg. Se realizaron visitas técnicas y se llevó a cabo el mapeo sistemático de los flujos de materiales y energía correspondientes a 9 de las 15 empresas que operan en el distrito. La recolección de datos se efectuó mediante cuestionarios estructurados, y se desarrolló una herramienta de evaluación destinada a identificar materias primas, corrientes residuales y oportunidades potenciales de intercambio de recursos entre las empresas participantes. El análisis permitió identificar más de 15 posibles intercambios simbióticos. La oportunidad con mayor viabilidad de implementación a corto plazo corresponde a la valorización del subproducto de la desulfuración de gases de combustión (FGD), generado en el proceso siderúrgico, como sustituto del yeso natural en la producción de paneles de yeso. Los resultados evidencian un potencial significativo de beneficios ambientales y económicos, incluyendo la reducción de emisiones de CO₂ y la disminución de la dependencia de materias primas vírgenes. En este contexto, la adopción de estrategias de simbiosis industrial puede contribuir al incremento de la eficiencia en el uso de los recursos y al fortalecimiento de prácticas de economía circular en el Distrito Industrial de Santa Cruz. Asimismo, el marco propuesto presenta potencial de replicabilidad en otros parques industriales brasileños.
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